ARTISTIC LITERACY-
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Learning Targets:
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Take a Look
Take a moment to Analyze how Wassily Kandinsky used the Elements of Art and Principles of Design that we just studied in his work. Interestingly, Kandinsky often titled his visual paintings “compositions.” As noted by the Denver Art Museum, For Wassily Kandinsky, music and color were inextricably tied to one another. So clear was this relationship that Kandinsky associated each note with an exact hue. He once said, “the sound of colors is so definite that it would be hard to find anyone who would express bright yellow with bass notes or dark blue with treble.”
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Elements of Music~
MUSIC
Use your Student Notes Document in
Google Classroom to take notes as we explore the Elements of Music. In Google Classroom you will also find a power point that has examples of each Element. |
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Key Terms:
Pitch – register (high or low); Organization of pitches with a pattern of intervals between them creates scales; Words we might use to describe scales: major/minor, gapped, skipping, linear.
Texture – monophonic (one voice or line); polyphonic - many voices, usually similar, counterpoint; homophonic (1. a melody with simple accompaniment); heterophony – “mixed” or multiple similar versions of a melody performed simultaneously; collage – mixing of extremely different textures or sounds.
Verses have the same melody but different words.
Refrains have the same melody and the same words.
Bridge Sections are new material that appears late in the song, usually appearing only once or twice, often in place of a verse and usually leading into the refrain.
Instrumentals are important sections that have no vocals. They can come at the beginning or end, or in between other sections. Is there more than one? Do they have the same melody as a verse or refrain? Are they similar to each other?
Pitch – register (high or low); Organization of pitches with a pattern of intervals between them creates scales; Words we might use to describe scales: major/minor, gapped, skipping, linear.
Texture – monophonic (one voice or line); polyphonic - many voices, usually similar, counterpoint; homophonic (1. a melody with simple accompaniment); heterophony – “mixed” or multiple similar versions of a melody performed simultaneously; collage – mixing of extremely different textures or sounds.
Verses have the same melody but different words.
Refrains have the same melody and the same words.
Bridge Sections are new material that appears late in the song, usually appearing only once or twice, often in place of a verse and usually leading into the refrain.
Instrumentals are important sections that have no vocals. They can come at the beginning or end, or in between other sections. Is there more than one? Do they have the same melody as a verse or refrain? Are they similar to each other?
Tempo
Temp0 is the speed of the music; the steady constant pulse, like a clock ticking. Tempo can change throughout a piece of music and influences the ‘feel’ of the music. In a composition the words used to describe tempo may be: fast, slow, accelerando, ritardando, allegro, moderato, andante, largo.
Allegro - fast
Andante - moderately slow
Adagio - slow
Largo - slow and dignified
Allegro - fast
Andante - moderately slow
Adagio - slow
Largo - slow and dignified
Example of Allegro
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Example of Largo
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Rhythm
Music is generally organized into rhythms which can be heard or felt, this is referred to as tempo. A specific rhythm is a specific pattern in time; we usually hear these in relation to a steady pulse, and mentally organize this pulse or tempo into meter (sometimes called a "time signature"). Meter organizes beats into groups, usually of two or three; beats can be divided into small units usually 2, 3 or 4 subdivisions.
Tempo: a pattern of sounds and silences with a beat; conveys a sense of movement
beat- steady, recurring pulse; what you tap your foot to.
polyrhythmic - more than one rhythm
monorhythmic - one rhythm
Tempo: a pattern of sounds and silences with a beat; conveys a sense of movement
beat- steady, recurring pulse; what you tap your foot to.
polyrhythmic - more than one rhythm
monorhythmic - one rhythm
Melody
Melody and harmony are the bread and butter of music. The melody, or tune, of the song provides a memorable series of pitches that catches the listener's ear. The melody of a song is the easiest part to remember. Melody, or musical line, is a combination of pitch and rhythm (some say "duration").
Sometimes a melody is considered to be the theme of a composition. We might characterize melody by its contour (rising or falling) and the size of the intervals in it. A melody that uses mostly small intervals (or scale steps) and is smooth is said to be a conjunct melody. Not surprisingly, a melody that uses large intervals is called a disjunct melody. motif (or motive): is either a very short melody or a distinctive part of a longer melody. (I might describe the opening four notes of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony as a "motific cell.") Melody: a group of notes played one after another; the tune; often easiest part to remember; the part that you hum. Pitch – the sound of a note; its highness or lowness |
HarmonyHarmony is a group of notes played behind the melody; different notes sounding at the same time. The harmony will support the melody giving the music texture and mood.
consonance - sounds pleasing to the ear; sounds ‘good’ dissonance - doesn’t sound quite right |
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Timbre
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Timbre is the tone quality (tone color) of the sound. Timbre is the characteristic that allows us to distinguish between one instrument and another, and the difference between vowel sounds (for example, long "a" or "ee"). Terms we might use to describe timbre: bright, dark, brassy, reedy, harsh, noisy, thin, buzzy, pure, raspy, shrill, mellow, strained.
Examples of Instruments of the orchestra: strings - violin, cello, harp woodwind - clarinet, flute, oboe brass - trumpet, trombone, tuba percussion - drums, triangle, xylophone |
Form
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The term musical form (or musical architecture) refers to the overall structure or plan of a piece of music, and it describes the layout of a composition as divided into sections.
Musical form then looks at the design and organization of the music and how it incorporates repetition, contrast, unity and variety. Those shapes and structures that are used in form are... Verse/chorus - most pop songs ABA - like a sandwich Improvisation - make it up as you go Call and response - like an echo Round - same melody multiple times but with staggered beginnings Rondo – One section returns repeatedly, with a section of new music before each return. For more information, examples and a deeper explanation of Musical Form click Here. |
Understanding Where The Types of Forms Came From
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Dynamics
Dynamics – loud or soft. A composition that has extremely soft passages as well as extremely loud passages is said to have a large or wide dynamic range. Dynamics can change suddenly or gradually (crescendo, getting louder, or decrescendo, getting softer.)
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